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                                        purely virtual world and into  e-commerce processes that are dependent on physical, manual delivery  of the complete product offering. It effectively pulls consumers away  from traditional Internet e-commerce and extends service fulfillment  processes out of the TV domain and into mobile as well. 
                                        Mind  the Gaps 
                                        There  are many challenges in delivering these types of services. They  involve interactivity, on-demand content, third-party information and  integration, e-commerce financial transactions, and mobile  components. The fulfillment process has to account for a number of  different sub-processes. First is the on-demand delivery of  information about the film, which might include the latest user  reviews. It has to provide on-demand video and deliver the correct  trailers on request. It has to manage access to the seating chart  information and support the seat selection process. In each of these  cases, the correct subscriber, authentication and entitlement  information needs to be identified and delivered in real-time into  whatever systems actually delivers on-demand video and the associated  trailer to the set-top box. 
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                                          Without a centralized point where customer, product, and network information is managed, it becomes very difficult to support real-time systems.  | 
                                       
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                                              customer, product, and network information is  managed, it becomes very difficult to support real-time systems.  Real-time systems execute policy-based processes, but they’re only  as effective as the systems that support them. Their policies need to  be well defined and the information they deliver, or transactions  they execute, have to be authorized and completely accurate. The  information they need, however, is currently spread across multiple  silos that can not and are not designed to support real-time  performance. 
                                              Find  New Requirements 
                                              A  centralized customer profile, process design and management, and  end-to-end fulfillment are critical centerpieces for enabling  real-time services. Telcos and MSOs both tend to lack these  capabilities or don’t have them centralized. Processes are  generally designed  
                                               
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                                    The  fulfillment process also has to provision a mobile subscription in  the lifestyle package, and tell an MMS server to send out a bar code  as a movie ticket. In addition, it needs to support and assure the  financial transactions, which includes advice of purchase and  recovery from transaction failures, credit card denials, and user  errors. Once conducted, the process has to be fed into the billing  and CRM streams, as well. The whole event must be billed, settled,  and supported properly. As well, information about these purchases  must be maintained in CRM for follow-up support and up-sales, and  into analytics to help analyze customer propensities.  
                                    A  fundamental and common challenge for both CSPs and MSOs comes in  managing these extremely complex fulfillment processes. Without a  centralized point where  
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                                      within and not across silos on separate platforms,  so there’s no visibility across a process that involves multiple  silos. Supporting advanced video services will require an ability to  manage process end-to-end across silos. This is necessary because  multiple integrated service components need to be orchestrated. Maybe  more importantly – a centralized process is easier to design and  launch than one that’s broken into pieces and spread across silos.  The latter already delays time to market for new services and that  delay has to be overcome. 
                                      Similarly,  customer information is generally spread across product masters, CRM  systems, billing platforms and other databases. It is not centralized  via data federation into a common  
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